2013年5月25日 星期六

【科學新知】好音樂,好心情?

        許多人在心情不好的時候,都想要聽個音樂來改善自己的心情,但這真的有用嗎?美國的密蘇里大學(University of Missouri)發現:確實可以藉由愉快的音樂,來幫助自己更開心,也說明了人們是可以主動促進自己的情緒的!
  研究者Yuna Ferguson說:「我們這研究支持了一件很多人都在做但卻沒有科學根據的事藉由聽音樂來改善自己的情緒。雖然促進個人正向情緒好像只是個人的事而已,但已有研究指出正向情緒和社會上的助人行為、身體健康、高收入、滿意的人際關係都有高度相關。」
  Ferguson有兩個研究都指出,人們可以改進自己的心情和幸福感。第一個研究是請一組人聽Aaron Copland所創作的輕快音樂,另一組則是聽Igor Stravinsky較為陰沉的作品,兩組人在聽音樂後被要求試著改善情緒讓自己愉快,還有兩組人只是單純聽Aaron CoplandIgor Stravinsky的音樂而已,結果發現聽Aaron Copland輕快音樂並嘗試改善情緒的那一組有明顯增進的正向情緒,其餘三組並未有所改變第二個研究是請參與者參加為期兩周的課程,訓練他們能在聽愉快音樂時去感受內在的愉悅,另外一組則是單純地聽愉快的音樂。結果顯示:聽愉快的音樂時並感受自己內在的人在兩周內都有較高的正向情緒。
  然而有些人會過於謹慎地審視內在感受,或是不斷地想問自己:「我現在幸福了嗎?」。對此Ferguson說:「比起把重點放在最後獲得多少幸福,還不如把焦點放在享受這個讓自己更幸福過程,別去在意於最後是否幸福了這結果。」
  Ferguson的指導教授Kennon Sheldon表示:「讓自己持續體驗正向事物,來豐富生活,同時對自己所擁有的感到知足,就能維持在比較快樂的狀態。」體驗正向事物與知足,對我們而言是有益的,可以藉由這些內心的變化來引我們往幸福的生活邁進。這些建議都是容易達成,也都可以從日常生活做起,不只是從物質上的滿足獲得短暫愉快的情緒。像是重拾自己以前喜愛的事物、感受愉快的曲子、體驗可以讓你感受充實美滿的活動,均能讓我們的生活擁有更多的幸福感。
  由以上這些研究可以發現,人們是有能力可以主動改善自己的情緒的,而不只是被動地接收外在事件帶給你的情緒。如果不想讓自己一直被壞心情給困擾,不妨聽聽一些輕巧愉快的音樂,感受一下內心的變化,讓音樂陪著你走出心靈的陰天吧!

註一:Aaron Copland(1900-1990),美國二十世紀的最偉大的古典作曲家之一,是美國的民族風格代表。
註二:Igor Stravinsky(1882-1971),俄國的作曲家,革新過三個不同的音樂流派,被人們譽為音樂界的畢卡索。






4 則留言:

  1. 所以是不能只光聽開心的音樂,
    還要抱著要改善心情的心態去聽開心的音樂才有效喔

    這樣有點好奇藉由開心音樂幫忙改善,
    比起只單純想改善心情是不是真的能更有幫助
    不過不知道有沒有辦法不靠外力,
    只靠想改善的想法就能改善心情呵呵-3-

    有種世界上還有更多好心情小幫手的感覺
    下次心情不好的時候可以試著從耳機裡把這些小幫手叫出來!

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    1. 我想不一定是是要聽音樂才有效,快樂的音樂只是像你說的小幫手的角色,幫助我們更快速的轉換心情。
      原文有這段:Recent research at the University of Missouri discovered that an individual can indeed successfully try to be happier, especially when cheery music aids the process.

      我在想有沒有專注於感受當下可能是個重要因素(實驗二中有感受內在愉悅的那組有較高正向情緒),或許不一定要透過音樂,只要生活中正念覺察一些正向事件,都有助於提高我們的快樂程度。

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  2. Why do Minor Chords Sound Sad?

    The Theory of Musical Equilibration states that in contrast to previous hypotheses, music does not directly describe emotions: instead, it evokes processes of will which the listener identifies with.

    A major chord is something we generally identify with the message, “I want to!” The experience of listening to a minor chord can be compared to the message conveyed when someone says, "No more." If someone were to say the words "no more" slowly and quietly, they would create the impression of being sad, whereas if they were to scream it quickly and loudly, they would be come across as furious. This distinction also applies for the emotional character of a minor chord: if a minor harmony is repeated faster and at greater volume, its sad nature appears to have suddenly turned into fury.

    The Theory of Musical Equilibration applies this principle as it constructs a system which outlines and explains the emotional nature of musical harmonies. For more information you can google Theory of Musical Equilibration.

    Bernd Willimek

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  3. Why do Minor Chords Sound Sad?

    The Theory of Musical Equilibration states that in contrast to previous hypotheses, music does not directly describe emotions: instead, it evokes processes of will which the listener identifies with.

    A major chord is something we generally identify with the message, “I want to!” The experience of listening to a minor chord can be compared to the message conveyed when someone says, "No more." If someone were to say the words "no more" slowly and quietly, they would create the impression of being sad, whereas if they were to scream it quickly and loudly, they would be come across as furious. This distinction also applies for the emotional character of a minor chord: if a minor harmony is repeated faster and at greater volume, its sad nature appears to have suddenly turned into fury.

    The Theory of Musical Equilibration applies this principle as it constructs a system which outlines and explains the emotional nature of musical harmonies. For more information you can google Theory of Musical Equilibration.

    Bernd Willimek

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